Making the impossible a reality

Pushing physics to the limit

Civil aviation is 100 years old – but the wonder and magic of flight is now taken for granted. It’s time, then, to take a moment to reflect on some of the astounding innovations that make aviation possible.

“Aviation is proof that given the will, we have the capacity to achieve the impossible.”

Reflecting upon our early forays into flight, American WWI fighter pilot Eddie Rickenbacker captured, for many, the awe and wonder we felt when we first took flight. Back when we referred to aviation’s early pioneers – such as Charles Lindbergh, Amelia Earhart and the Wright brothers – as ‘those magnificent men and women in their flying machines’. Indeed, before the 21st century, flying was seen as an incredible fantasy ¬– more like the plot of a Jules Verne sci-fi novel than an everyday reality.

No longer. A full 100 years on from 1919 and the birth of civil aviation, it’s not so much that familiarity has bred indifference; rather, the continuous innovation and extraordinary technology that propels modern aviation has come to be seen as business as usual. What was once science-fiction, we now take for granted.

The magic of flying

And this is understandable. When a Wi-Fi-connected passenger is catching up with their favourite Netflix show on a long-haul flight, it’s unlikely they spare a thought for the fact that, just outside their window, the air temperature is minus 50 degrees and the pressure is 20% that of sea level. An atmosphere that couldn’t sustain human life – separated from them by a few inches of metal.

Amazing facts abound in the world of aviation. Concorde flew at twice the speed of sound. A fully laden Airbus A380 has a maximum take-off weight of 560 tonnes, and an aircraft engine reaches temperatures of up to 1,800 degrees celsius (3,272 degrees fahrenheit) in the hottest part of the powerplant, where compressed air is mixed with fuel and ignited.

And at any given time, these engines are powering close to 10,000 planes carrying well over a million passengers.

Extreme engineering

Rolls-Royce has been a major player in the last century of civil aviation since the beginning; it was Rolls-Royce Eagle engines that powered the Vickers Vimy that carried Alcock and Brown across the Atlantic in 1919.

Since then, the company has continued to pioneer the power of flight. Today, an aircraft powered by the Trent family of engines takes off or lands every 13 seconds.

For jet engines to work – lifting an aircraft weighing more than a hundred thousand pounds into the air – it requires precise design and manufacture that is measured in microns - to the thickness of a human hair.

In short, everything has to be exactly right. Every single piece. Every time.

Consider the set of bolts on the Trent XWB. They’re strong enough to safely bear the weight of two fully loaded A380s. No small feat. Or think about this:  upon take-off, just one of the high-pressure Trent 1000 turbine blades generates the same horsepower as a Formula 1 car.

Those are just two components out of the 18,000 distinct parts in Rolls-Royce’s Trent engines – which together make up around a third of the chemical elements in the periodic table.

With more than 3,600 Trent engines currently in service, the innovation doesn’t stop at design. Nearly a third of the world’s widebody fleet rely on Trent engines for power, so innovative approaches to services help to maximise flying time.

For example, Rolls-Royce is developing a ‘snake’ robot that can work its way through an engine like an endoscope to deposit smaller SWARM robots that crawl through the insides of the engine and perform a visual inspection of hard-to-reach areas.

This can help predict and speed up engine maintenance, delivering a raft of operational benefits – such as removing the need to take an engine off the aircraft to perform maintenance work – as well as cost savings to the airline.

Endurance and sustainability

Endurance and sustainability

The facts around reliability and sustainability are similarly impressive. By mid-2019, the largest engine in the Trent family – the Trent XWB – reached over 4 million engine flying hours. In terms of distance, this equates to more than 2bn miles – or to put it in a different context, like flying to the sun and back ten times.

It’s also the most efficient large aero engine flying today, with fuel savings of $2.9m per year, per plane. In October 2018 it powered the world’s longest scheduled non-stop flight – a 19-hour trip from Changi airport in Singapore to Newark, New Jersey.

But sustainability isn’t just measured in terms of fuel burn which is why each member of the Trent family has consistently delivered improvements in emissions too.

And alongside support for the commercialisation of sustainable, alternative fuels and significant investment in new technologies, Rolls-Royce will play a key role in ensuring that aviation continues to connect our world for the next 100 years.

Testing, testing

The public may sometimes take flying for granted. But a lot of work goes on behind the scenes – as every part of a Rolls-Royce engine is rigorously tested.

When our new site in Derby, called Test Bed 80, opens in 2020, it will be the largest indoor testbed in the world, capable of evaluating engines that produce up to 150,000lbs of thrust.

And when engines need cold-weather testing – for example taxiing down a sleety runway when there’s high moisture in the air – they’re sent to the sub-arctic town of Thompson, in Manitoba, Canada, where the Global Aerospace Centre for Icing and Environmental Research Facility (GLACIER) is located.

Pioneers of the future

Pioneers of the future

Unsurprisingly, these advancements never stop. Rolls-Royce is at the forefront of building the world’s fastest all-electric aircraft.

Through our partnership with Qatar Airways, we’re also pushing the boundaries of training engineers, by utilising Virtual Reality (VR) for the first time, as part of our IntelligentEngine vision. It’s safe to say that what the general public might define as cutting-edge, a team of Rolls-Royce experts probably already regard as commonplace.

Wilbur Wright, one of those crucial players in the development of aviation, described our wish to fly in lyrical terms.

 “The desire to fly,” he said, “is an idea handed down to us by our ancestors who looked enviously on the birds soaring freely through space on the infinite highway of the air.”

Only through relentless innovation – and ideas once thought of as pure fantasy – can Rolls-Royce continue to help write the future of travel along that infinite highway.

To learn more about the Trent family, visit our Power of Trent hub.

Power of Trent

Efficiency. Value. Innovation.

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