Inside the x-ray bunker

We’re building the biggest, smartest testbed in the world. Not only will it be a monumental structure, it will feature the latest advanced technology, allowing us to test engines to the limit, physically and digitally. Cutting-edge systems will bring our IntelligentEngine vision to life, as the most innovative engines we’ve ever made are more digitally connected than ever before. As we take a closer look inside Testbed 80, we explore the unique and incredibly powerful x-ray technology that allows us to inspect engines in minute levels of detail.

“Everything we do at Testbed 80 is about getting better data faster,” says Darren O’Neill, Project Engineer – Test Capability, Rolls-Royce.

“We’re the only company in the world who x-ray aero engines in this way – we really lead the industry. Our x-ray capabilities allow us to look at minute levels of detail and be extremely targeted. Our engines are made up of more than 20,000 components, and using x-ray technology, we can look at how they behave in extreme detail, under different conditions.”

X-rays are used all around Rolls-Royce to inspect static components. Uniquely, Rolls-Royce uses x-rays to inspect running aero engines at an existing facility in Derby, UK, but the latest technology will have multiple improvements and benefits.

“We first started x-raying small engines while they were running in the 1970s,” says Darren. “We captured 10 images per shift using the traditional film plate method. Our current technology captures one image every six seconds. At Testbed 80, we’ll capture 30 images every second. The images will be sharper than ever before, and will be available to engineers instantly, who can combine them with other data points to understand what happens to an engine component during specific conditions.”

Testbed 80 is designed to ensure engineers can utilise every minute in the facility, and new x-ray technology will play a big part. Currently, it takes around 10 days to set up a testbed to perform an x-ray on a running engine. In Testbed 80 this will be reduced to just one day, minimising down time.

Model Behaviour

Increasingly, engineers predict how an engine will behave using advanced modelling, and validate those models through physical engine testing. This has moved on from the days where engines would be tested for weeks, thanks to the vast amount of data collected from in-service engines every day.

“We download more data from our engines in one day than the whole of Wikipedia,” says Darren. “We use this data to understand our engines better. So more often than not, physical testing confirms what we have already predicted using models. Testbed 80’s advanced systems will capture more data than ever before, improving our understanding even further.”

Enter the x-ray bunker

Our x-ray technology is more powerful, precise and faster than ever before, but a machine that produces nine Mega Electron Volts (MeV) can be a dangerous colleague. The x-ray machine is sixty times mores powerful than an x-ray used to inspect a broken leg.

“The x-ray technology we use is extraordinarily powerful, so safety is our number one priority,” says Helen Pearce, Radiation Protection Adviser at Rolls-Royce. “During x-ray testing, the facility is no longer a testbed, it becomes an x-ray bunker.”

So how are the harmful rays contained? “Our first defence is the structure of the testbed,” says Helen. “The solid concrete walls are 1.7 and 1.3 metres thick – the shielding is phenomenal. When we’re conducting x-rays using our existing technology, we put a controlled radiation area in place that includes several buildings – no one is allowed within a certain radius of the building, even if they are outside, to ensure nobody can enter. At Testbed 80, you’ll be able to stand the other side of the testbed wall and be protected from harmful radiation.”

In addition, radiation specialists apply an obsessive level of detail when it comes to ensuring everyone is safe.

“Highly trained Radiation Protection Supervisors operate the x-ray machine,” says Helen. Before any x-ray activity begins, the supervisors conduct an elaborate safety exercise that ensures nobody is left inside the testbed.

“When we conduct static x-rays in a small room, it’s easy to ensure nobody’s there. With a space that’s larger than a Premiership football pitch and with multiple floors, we need to be certain that nobody is inside the radiation zone before we start testing.”

To do this, there are 45 search buttons located around the facility – many of which are in hard-to-reach areas, or behind doors. A colleague must then find and push all 45 in a specific order within an allocated amount of time. Once they’ve found all 45 devices, a key is released that allows them to leave the x-ray zone, certain that nobody is left behind.

“It sounds like a game, but it’s a highly effective way of making sure we’ve checked every inch of the testbed,” says Helen.

How x-rays could help reduce emissions

How x-rays could help reduce emissions

Our industry-leading x-ray technology is being used to explore how we can reduce emissions on our engines. By understanding the engine better, we believe engineers could make modifications that deliver improvements in Specific Fuel Consumption – basically how much fuel the engine burns during flight. It’s early days, but we believe it has the potential to save several tonnes of CO2 per engine per year.

Advanced x-ray technology is just one of the incredible systems inside Testbed 80, set to open in 2020. The testbed represents an investment of £90 million, and provides important extra capacity as we ramp up production of the cleanest, most efficient and powerful jet engines ever made.

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